Which insurance market includes state-offered plans for consumers unable to obtain insurance through private carriers?

The correct choice is the residual market, which is specifically designed to provide insurance to individuals who cannot obtain coverage through standard private carriers. This market is essential for ensuring that all consumers, regardless of their risk profile, have access to necessary insurance.

In many cases, the residual market is established by state governments to help high-risk individuals or those with special circumstances that make it difficult to get coverage on the open market. By offering plans through the residual market, states are able to stabilize access to insurance and protect consumers from being completely uninsured.

In contrast, the standard market is where most individuals obtain insurance from private insurance companies, which requires applicants to meet specific underwriting criteria. The excess market caters to those who need coverage beyond what standard policies provide, such as high-value assets. The private market encompasses all insurance available from private carriers but excludes any state-sponsored options. This helps to clarify why the residual market is the appropriate answer for consumers unable to secure coverage through these other avenues.